Bombay - Revision history

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	\|description=Bombay, officially renamed Mumbai in 1995, is a global metropolis with origins as seven fishing islands. Explore its historical phases under Portuguese, British, and modern India.		\|description=Bombay, officially renamed Mumbai in 1995, is a global metropolis with origins as seven fishing islands. Explore its historical phases under Portuguese, British, and modern India.
	\|keywords=Bombay, Mumbai, Bombay history, Mumbai renaming, Gerald Aungier, Hornby Vellard, Mumbai colonial history		\|keywords=Bombay, Mumbai, Bombay history, Mumbai renaming, Gerald Aungier, Hornby Vellard, Mumbai colonial history
	~~\|image=Gateway_of_India.jpg~~
	}}		}}

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	=== Industrial and Colonial Growth (19th–20th century) ===		=== Industrial and Colonial Growth (19th–20th century) ===
	Bombay flourished as a textile hub and trade gateway, particularly after the [[Suez Canal]] opened in 1869 and the [[American Civil War]] disrupted cotton supply. Landmarks such as the [[Gateway of India]] and [[Victoria Terminus]] were built. The 1896 bubonic plague led to sanitation reforms and the creation of the City Improvement Trust.<ref>https://www.britannica.com/place/Mumbai/History</ref>		Bombay flourished as a textile hub and trade gateway, particularly after the [[Suez Canal]] opened in 1869 and the [[American Civil War]] disrupted cotton supply. Landmarks such as the [[Gateway of India]] and Victoria Terminus were built. The 1896 bubonic plague led to sanitation reforms and the creation of the City Improvement Trust.<ref>https://www.britannica.com/place/Mumbai/History</ref>

	=== Independence Movement ===		=== Independence Movement ===
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	* A city of contrasts – with upscale districts like South Mumbai and sprawling slums like [[Dharavi]]		* A city of contrasts – with upscale districts like South Mumbai and sprawling slums like [[Dharavi]]

	Urban land speculation, traffic congestion, and socio-economic diversity define modern Mumbai’s challenges and dynamism.<ref>https://www.lemonde.fr/planete/article/2024/09/22/immobilier-dharavi-le-bidonville-de-bombay-est-un-objet-de-convoitise-et-de-~~spéculation_6327943_3244~~.html</ref><ref>https://www.cntraveler.com/stories/2009-08-28/it-s-mumbai-yaar</ref>		Urban land speculation, traffic congestion, and socio-economic diversity define modern Mumbai’s challenges and dynamism.<ref>https://www.lemonde.fr/planete/article/2024/09/22/immobilier-dharavi-le-bidonville-de-bombay-est-un-objet-de-convoitise-et-de-sp%C3%A9culation_6327943_3244.html</ref><ref>https://www.cntraveler.com/stories/2009-08-28/it-s-mumbai-yaar</ref>

	== See Also ==		== See Also ==

Mr.x: Created page with "{{#seo: |title=Bombay (Mumbai) – History, Name Change, and Evolution |description=Bombay, officially renamed Mumbai in 1995, is a global metropolis with origins as seven fishing islands. Explore its historical phases under Portuguese, British, and modern India. |keywords=Bombay, Mumbai, Bombay history, Mumbai renaming, Gerald Aungier, Hornby Vellard, Mumbai colonial history |image=Gateway_of_India.jpg }} '''Bombay''', now officially known as '''Mumbai''', is the capit..."

2025-07-08T17:58:32Z

Created page with "{{#seo: |title=Bombay (Mumbai) – History, Name Change, and Evolution |description=Bombay, officially renamed Mumbai in 1995, is a global metropolis with origins as seven fishing islands. Explore its historical phases under Portuguese, British, and modern India. |keywords=Bombay, Mumbai, Bombay history, Mumbai renaming, Gerald Aungier, Hornby Vellard, Mumbai colonial history |image=Gateway_of_India.jpg }} '''Bombay''', now officially known as '''Mumbai''', is the capit..."

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{{#seo:
|title=Bombay (Mumbai) – History, Name Change, and Evolution
|description=Bombay, officially renamed Mumbai in 1995, is a global metropolis with origins as seven fishing islands. Explore its historical phases under Portuguese, British, and modern India.
|keywords=Bombay, Mumbai, Bombay history, Mumbai renaming, Gerald Aungier, Hornby Vellard, Mumbai colonial history
|image=Gateway_of_India.jpg
}}

'''Bombay''', now officially known as '''Mumbai''', is the capital city of the Indian state of [[Maharashtra]] and the financial, commercial, and entertainment hub of [[India]]. Originally a group of seven fishing islands inhabited by the [[Koli people]], Bombay has transformed into a global megacity. Its name was changed to '''Mumbai''' in 1995, honoring the local deity '''Mumbādevī'''.<ref>https://mumbaicity.gov.in/history/</ref><ref>https://theculturetrip.com/asia/india/articles/the-history-of-how-bombay-became-mumbai-in-1-minute</ref>

== Historical Evolution ==

=== Portuguese Era (1534–1661) ===
The Portuguese acquired the islands in 1534 from the Sultan of Gujarat and named it '''Bombaim''', meaning "good bay". They fortified the region, built churches, and established trade outposts.<ref>https://theculturetrip.com/asia/india/articles/the-history-of-how-bombay-became-mumbai-in-1-minute</ref>

=== British Rule (1661–1858) ===
In 1661, the islands of Bombay were given to the British Crown as dowry during the marriage of [[Catherine of Braganza]] to King [[Charles II]]. In 1668, the [[British East India Company]] leased the islands for a nominal rent. Under Governor [[Gerald Aungier]], Bombay was transformed into a major commercial center with improved fortifications and administration.

The unification of the seven islands through land reclamation—especially the ambitious '''Hornby Vellard''' project (1782–1838)—led to the formation of modern Bombay.

=== Industrial and Colonial Growth (19th–20th century) ===
Bombay flourished as a textile hub and trade gateway, particularly after the [[Suez Canal]] opened in 1869 and the [[American Civil War]] disrupted cotton supply. Landmarks such as the [[Gateway of India]] and [[Victoria Terminus]] were built. The 1896 bubonic plague led to sanitation reforms and the creation of the City Improvement Trust.<ref>https://www.britannica.com/place/Mumbai/History</ref>

=== Independence Movement ===
Bombay played a key role in the [[Indian independence movement]], hosting the first session of the [[Indian National Congress]] in 1885 and the Quit India Movement in 1942.

=== Post-Independence and Name Change ===
After 1947, Bombay continued to expand rapidly. Communal riots in 1992–93 following the Babri Masjid demolition shook the city. In 1995, the Shiv Sena-led Maharashtra government officially renamed it '''Mumbai''', reflecting Marathi heritage and the goddess Mumbādevī.

== Name and Etymology ==
The name '''Mumbai''' is derived from '''Mumbā''', the local goddess worshipped by the Koli community, and '''Aai''', meaning mother in Marathi. The name '''Bombay''' was the Anglicized version of the Portuguese name '''Bombaim'''.<ref>https://theculturetrip.com/asia/india/articles/the-history-of-how-bombay-became-mumbai-in-1-minute</ref>

== Architecture and Heritage ==
Mumbai is home to iconic colonial-era structures and modern skyscrapers:
* The '''Gateway of India''', built in 1924 to commemorate the visit of King George V.
* The historic '''Bombay Castle''', once the seat of British power.
* A UNESCO World Heritage site for its '''Art Deco and Victorian Gothic architecture'''.<ref>https://www.artdecomumbai.com/research/100-years-of-bombay-1850-1950</ref>

== Present-Day Mumbai ==
Today, Mumbai is:
* India’s economic powerhouse and home to [[Bollywood]]
* Headquarters of major financial institutions like [[Reserve Bank of India]] and [[Bombay Stock Exchange]]
* A city of contrasts – with upscale districts like South Mumbai and sprawling slums like [[Dharavi]]

Urban land speculation, traffic congestion, and socio-economic diversity define modern Mumbai’s challenges and dynamism.<ref>https://www.lemonde.fr/planete/article/2024/09/22/immobilier-dharavi-le-bidonville-de-bombay-est-un-objet-de-convoitise-et-de-spéculation_6327943_3244.html</ref><ref>https://www.cntraveler.com/stories/2009-08-28/it-s-mumbai-yaar</ref>

== See Also ==
* [[Mumbai]]
* [[Bombay Presidency]]
* [[Hornby Vellard]]
* [[Gateway of India]]
* [[Gerald Aungier]]
* [[British East India Company]]

== References ==
<references/>