Kerala - Revision history

Kirtisharma 21 at 11:29, 15 April 2026

2026-04-15T11:29:29Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:59, 15 April 2026
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	==Geography and Administration==		==Geography and Administration==

	The Western Ghats and the Arabian Sea create a territorial boundary which defines the geographical and climatic features of Kerala. The state possesses:		The Western Ghats and the Arabian Sea create a territorial boundary which defines the geographical and climatic features of Kerala. The state possesses:<ref>{{Cite web \|title=Kerala \|url=https://knowindia.india.gov.in/states-uts/kerala.php \|website=Know India (Government of India) \|publisher=Ministry of External Affairs, Government of India \|access-date=15 April 2026}}</ref>

	* 590 km coastline		* 590 km coastline
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	==Economy and Infrastructure==		==Economy and Infrastructure==

	The service-based economy of Kerala depends on Non-Resident Indian remittances which originate mainly from Gulf countries.<ref>{{Cite journal \|title=Growth of Literacy in Kerala \|journal=Economic and Political Weekly \|year=1999 \|url=https://www.epw.in/journal/1999/39/special-articles/growth-literacy-kerala.html \|access-date=15 April 2026}}</ref>		The service-based economy of Kerala depends on Non-Resident Indian remittances which originate mainly from Gulf countries.

	'''Key sectors:'''		'''Key sectors:'''

Kirtisharma 21: /* Geography and Administration */

2026-04-15T11:28:21Z

Geography and Administration

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:58, 15 April 2026
Line 53:		Line 53:
	==Geography and Administration==		==Geography and Administration==

	The Western Ghats and the Arabian Sea create a territorial boundary which defines the geographical and climatic features of Kerala. The state possesses:<ref>{{Cite web \|title=Kerala \|url=https://knowindia.india.gov.in/states-uts/kerala.php \|website=Know India (Government of India) \|publisher=Ministry of External Affairs, Government of India \|access-date=15 April 2026}}</ref>		The Western Ghats and the Arabian Sea create a territorial boundary which defines the geographical and climatic features of Kerala. The state possesses:

	* 590 km coastline		* 590 km coastline

Kirtisharma 21 at 11:27, 15 April 2026

2026-04-15T11:27:36Z

Kirtisharma 21 at 09:42, 15 April 2026

2026-04-15T09:42:21Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:12, 15 April 2026
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	\| vehicle_code = KL		\| vehicle_code = KL
	\| website = https://kerala.gov.in/		\| website = https://kerala.gov.in/
	}}'''Kerala''' exists on the Malabar Coast which stretches along the southwestern coast of India. The Malayalam-speaking areas became an administrative unit through the formation of this state on 1 November 1956 under the States Reorganisation Act.The state shares its northern and northeastern borders with Karnataka while it shares its eastern and southern borders with Tamil Nadu and its western border with the Arabian Sea which contains the Laccadive Sea.		}}'''Kerala''' exists on the Malabar Coast which stretches along the southwestern coast of [[India]]. The Malayalam-speaking areas became an administrative unit through the formation of this state on 1 November 1956 under the States Reorganisation Act.The state shares its northern and northeastern borders with [[Karnataka]] while it shares its eastern and southern borders with Tamil Nadu and its western border with the Arabian Sea which contains the Laccadive Sea.

	The total area of Kerala extends to 38863 square kilometers which it has divided into 14 districts while Thiruvananthapuram serves as its capital city. The state counts more than 33 million residents who achieve high literacy rates together with an efficient healthcare system which leads to their high Human Development Index (HDI) ranking that establishes them as one of India’s most advanced states.		The total area of Kerala extends to 38863 square kilometers which it has divided into 14 districts while Thiruvananthapuram serves as its capital city. The state counts more than 33 million residents who achieve high literacy rates together with an efficient healthcare system which leads to their high Human Development Index (HDI) ranking that establishes them as one of India’s most advanced states.

Kirtisharma 21: Created page with "{{#seo: |title=Kerala – State of India |description=Kerala is a southwestern state of India known for its backwaters, high literacy rate, rich cultural heritage, and strong human development indicators. |keywords=Kerala, Kerala wiki, Kerala wikibio, Kerala knowlepedia, Kerala India, Thiruvananthapuram capital, Kochi, Kerala tourism, Kerala culture, Kerala economy, Kerala districts, Kerala backwaters |image=https://knowlepedia.org/images/4/48/Kerala.jpg |og:type=article..."

2026-04-15T09:39:45Z

Created page with "{{#seo: |title=Kerala – State of India |description=Kerala is a southwestern state of India known for its backwaters, high literacy rate, rich cultural heritage, and strong human development indicators. |keywords=Kerala, Kerala wiki, Kerala wikibio, Kerala knowlepedia, Kerala India, Thiruvananthapuram capital, Kochi, Kerala tourism, Kerala culture, Kerala economy, Kerala districts, Kerala backwaters |image=https://knowlepedia.org/images/4/48/Kerala.jpg |og:type=article..."

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{{#seo:
|title=Kerala – State of India
|description=Kerala is a southwestern state of India known for its backwaters, high literacy rate, rich cultural heritage, and strong human development indicators.
|keywords=Kerala, Kerala wiki, Kerala wikibio, Kerala knowlepedia, Kerala India, Thiruvananthapuram capital, Kochi, Kerala tourism, Kerala culture, Kerala economy, Kerala districts, Kerala backwaters
|image=https://knowlepedia.org/images/4/48/Kerala.jpg
|og:type=article
|og:title=Kerala – State of India
|og:description=Explore Kerala’s history, geography, economy, culture, and tourism in detail.
|og:image=https://knowlepedia.org/images/4/48/Kerala.jpg
|twitter:card=summary_large_image
}} {{Infobox Indian state or territory
| name = Kerala
| image = Kerala.jpg
| image_caption = Map showing the location of Kerala
| capital = Thiruvananthapuram
| largest_city = Thiruvananthapuram
| official_languages = Malayalam, English
| area_km2 = 38,863
| population = 33,406,061 (2011)
| established = 1 November 1956
| timezone = IST (UTC+05:30)
| vehicle_code = KL
| website = https://kerala.gov.in/
}}'''Kerala''' exists on the Malabar Coast which stretches along the southwestern coast of India. The Malayalam-speaking areas became an administrative unit through the formation of this state on 1 November 1956 under the States Reorganisation Act.The state shares its northern and northeastern borders with Karnataka while it shares its eastern and southern borders with Tamil Nadu and its western border with the Arabian Sea which contains the Laccadive Sea.

The total area of Kerala extends to 38863 square kilometers which it has divided into 14 districts while Thiruvananthapuram serves as its capital city. The state counts more than 33 million residents who achieve high literacy rates together with an efficient healthcare system which leads to their high Human Development Index (HDI) ranking that establishes them as one of India’s most advanced states.

==History==

===Ancient Period===
Kerala stretches back to prehistoric times because archaeologists have found evidence from the Paleolithic and Mesolithic and Neolithic periods. The area functioned as part of ancient Tamilakam while its spice trade which included black pepper and cardamom and cinnamon enabled it to gain international recognition.

The Chera dynasty established itself as the first major ruling authority which controlled trade routes while keeping trade connections with the Roman Empire and Egypt and West Asia. Ashoka's reign period resulted in the name Keralaputra being used to identify the territory of Kerala.

Muziris operated as a primary trading hub during ancient times which became one of the most important trading ports of that era. The people of Kerala established relations with Greeks and Romans and Arabs and Jews which produced multiple new cultural traditions. St. Thomas brought Christianity to India when he arrived in the country during the first century CE.

===Medieval Period===

The Kulasekhara dynasty which ruled from Chera Perumal established itself as the dominant power during the medieval period while supporting artistic development and literary creation and international commerce. The Islamic faith spread throughout Kerala because the state established strong maritime trade partnerships with Arab merchants.

The political situation in the region divided into various small kingdoms which included Kozhikode and Kochi and Travancore.

The year 1498 marked a crucial change for the world when Vasco da Gama arrived because this event started the time of European colonial power. The Portuguese established control over the spice trade which the Dutch later took over.

===Modern Period===

The 18th century saw Marthanda Varma and other rulers who defeated European forces such as the Dutch to create stronger political control over Kerala. The British Empire established its authority over most of the territory through direct control and by managing tributary kingdoms.

The 19th and 20th centuries saw major social reform movements which focused on ending caste discrimination through the efforts of Sree Narayana Guru and other reformers.

Travancore and Cochin united their territories after India became independent in 1947. Kerala officially became a state in 1956. The state of Kerala made history in 1957 when it elected its first communist government which was led by E. M. S. Namboodiripad.

==Geography and Administration==

The Western Ghats and the Arabian Sea create a territorial boundary which defines the geographical and climatic features of Kerala. The state possesses:

* 590 km coastline
* The Western Ghats contain extensive forest areas
* The state operates extensive backwater waterways

The mountain's summit reaches Anamudi at an elevation of 2,695 meters.

'''The primary waterways for the region include:'''

* Periyar
* Bharathapuzha
* Pamba

'''The administrative organization divides the area into:'''

* 14 districts
* 27 revenue divisions
* Panchayati Raj system (strong local governance)

==Government and Politics==

The parliamentary democratic system of Kerala operates through a single legislative chamber. The Governor serves as the constitutional authority while the Chief Minister oversees the executive branch.

'''The state maintains a reputation for:'''

* High political awareness
* Strong grassroots democracy
* Frequent alternation of power between political alliances

==Economy and Infrastructure==

The service-based economy of Kerala depends on Non-Resident Indian remittances which originate mainly from Gulf countries.

'''Key sectors:'''
* The agriculture sector includes coconut and rubber and spices and tea and coffee
* Fisheries provide employment opportunities for coastal workers
* Tourism ranks among the top travel destinations in India
* The IT sector experiences rapid growth

'''Kerala displays:'''

* High per capita income
* Strong banking penetration
* Developed healthcare and education infrastructure

== Culture and Tourism ==
Kerala’s culture is a blend of Aryan and Dravidian traditions with a strong regional identity.
*''' Cultural highlights:'''
** Dance forms: Kathakali, Mohiniyattam
** Festivals: Onam, Vishu
** Martial art: Kalaripayattu
** Ayurveda: globally recognized

*''' Tourism features:'''
** Backwaters: Alappuzha, Kumarakom
** Hill stations: Munnar, Wayanad
** Beaches: Kovalam, Varkala
Kerala has been listed among top global destinations by National Geographic.

== Education and Tourism ==
* Kerala has the highest literacy rate in India (~96%).
* Strong public education system
* High school enrollment rates
* Renowned institutions
* Tourism and education together contribute significantly to the state’s economy.

== Climate ==
* Kerala has a tropical monsoon climate influenced by:
** Southwest monsoon (June–September)
** Northeast monsoon (October–December)
* Average rainfall: ~3000 mm annually
* Temperature: 20°C – 36°C

== Biodiversity ==
* Kerala is part of the Western Ghats, one of the world’s biodiversity hotspots.
* Around 25% forest cover
* Rare species like Nilgiri Tahr, elephants, tigers
* National parks:
** Silent Valley
** Periyar

== Challenges ==
* Floods and landslides (especially 2018 floods)
* High unemployment rate
* Dependence on remittances
* Environmental degradation

==See also==

* [[India]]
* [[Arunachal Pradesh]]
* [[Goa]]
* [[Karnataka]]
* [[Uttar Pradesh]]

==References==

[[Category:Kerala]]
[[Category:States and union territories of India]]
[[Category:States of India]]
[[Category:Districts of Kerala]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:57, 15 April 2026
Line 22:		Line 22:
	\| vehicle_code = KL		\| vehicle_code = KL
	\| website = https://kerala.gov.in/		\| website = https://kerala.gov.in/
	}}'''Kerala''' exists on the Malabar Coast which stretches along the southwestern coast of [[India]]. The Malayalam-speaking areas became an administrative unit through the formation of this state on 1 November 1956 under the States Reorganisation Act.The state shares its northern and northeastern borders with [[Karnataka]] while it shares its eastern and southern borders with Tamil Nadu and its western border with the Arabian Sea which contains the Laccadive Sea.		}}'''Kerala''' exists on the Malabar Coast which stretches along the southwestern coast of [[India]]. The Malayalam-speaking areas became an administrative unit through the formation of this state on 1 November 1956 under the States Reorganisation Act.The state shares its northern and northeastern borders with [[Karnataka]] while it shares its eastern and southern borders with Tamil Nadu and its western border with the Arabian Sea which contains the Laccadive Sea.<ref>{{Cite web \|title=Kerala \|url=https://indianexpress.com/about/kerala/ \|website=The Indian Express \|access-date=15 April 2026}}</ref>

	The total area of Kerala extends to 38863 square kilometers which it has divided into 14 districts while Thiruvananthapuram serves as its capital city. The state counts more than 33 million residents who achieve high literacy rates together with an efficient healthcare system which leads to their high Human Development Index (HDI) ranking that establishes them as one of India’s most advanced states.		The total area of Kerala extends to 38863 square kilometers which it has divided into 14 districts while Thiruvananthapuram serves as its capital city. The state counts more than 33 million residents who achieve high literacy rates together with an efficient healthcare system which leads to their high Human Development Index (HDI) ranking that establishes them as one of India’s most advanced states.<ref>{{Cite web \|title=Kerala \|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/ \|website=The Hindu \|access-date=15 April 2026}}</ref>

	==History==		==History==

	===Ancient Period===		===Ancient Period===
	Kerala stretches back to prehistoric times because archaeologists have found evidence from the Paleolithic and Mesolithic and Neolithic periods. The area functioned as part of ancient Tamilakam while its spice trade which included black pepper and cardamom and cinnamon enabled it to gain international recognition.		Kerala stretches back to prehistoric times because archaeologists have found evidence from the Paleolithic and Mesolithic and Neolithic periods. The area functioned as part of ancient Tamilakam while its spice trade which included black pepper and cardamom and cinnamon enabled it to gain international recognition.<ref>{{Cite web \|title=Kerala History \|url=https://www.mathrubhumi.com/topics/tag/kerala_history \|website=Mathrubhumi \|access-date=15 April 2026}}</ref>

	The Chera dynasty established itself as the first major ruling authority which controlled trade routes while keeping trade connections with the Roman Empire and Egypt and West Asia. Ashoka's reign period resulted in the name Keralaputra being used to identify the territory of Kerala.		The Chera dynasty established itself as the first major ruling authority which controlled trade routes while keeping trade connections with the Roman Empire and Egypt and West Asia. Ashoka's reign period resulted in the name Keralaputra being used to identify the territory of Kerala.

	Muziris operated as a primary trading hub during ancient times which became one of the most important trading ports of that era. The people of Kerala established relations with Greeks and Romans and Arabs and Jews which produced multiple new cultural traditions. St. Thomas brought Christianity to India when he arrived in the country during the first century CE.		Muziris operated as a primary trading hub during ancient times which became one of the most important trading ports of that era. The people of Kerala established relations with Greeks and Romans and Arabs and Jews which produced multiple new cultural traditions. St. Thomas brought Christianity to India when he arrived in the country during the first century CE.<ref>{{Cite web \|title=Kerala News \|url=https://www.onmanorama.com/news/kerala.html \|website=Onmanorama \|publisher=Malayala Manorama \|access-date=15 April 2026}}</ref>

	===Medieval Period===		===Medieval Period===

	The Kulasekhara dynasty which ruled from Chera Perumal established itself as the dominant power during the medieval period while supporting artistic development and literary creation and international commerce. The Islamic faith spread throughout Kerala because the state established strong maritime trade partnerships with Arab merchants.		The Kulasekhara dynasty which ruled from Chera Perumal established itself as the dominant power during the medieval period while supporting artistic development and literary creation and international commerce. The Islamic faith spread throughout Kerala because the state established strong maritime trade partnerships with Arab merchants.<ref>{{Cite web \|title=Kerala History \|url=https://www.onmanorama.com/topic/general-topics/77/kerala-history.html \|website=Onmanorama \|publisher=Malayala Manorama \|access-date=15 April 2026}}</ref>

	The political situation in the region divided into various small kingdoms which included Kozhikode and Kochi and Travancore.		The political situation in the region divided into various small kingdoms which included Kozhikode and Kochi and Travancore.

	The year 1498 marked a crucial change for the world when Vasco da Gama arrived because this event started the time of European colonial power. The Portuguese established control over the spice trade which the Dutch later took over.		The year 1498 marked a crucial change for the world when Vasco da Gama arrived because this event started the time of European colonial power. The Portuguese established control over the spice trade which the Dutch later took over.<ref>{{Cite web \|title=History of Media in Kerala (Highlighted) \|url=https://www.scribd.com/document/879567051/History-of-Media-in-Kerala-Highlighted \|website=Scribd \|access-date=15 April 2026}}</ref>

	===Modern Period===		===Modern Period===
Line 49:		Line 49:
	The 19th and 20th centuries saw major social reform movements which focused on ending caste discrimination through the efforts of Sree Narayana Guru and other reformers.		The 19th and 20th centuries saw major social reform movements which focused on ending caste discrimination through the efforts of Sree Narayana Guru and other reformers.

	Travancore and Cochin united their territories after India became independent in 1947. Kerala officially became a state in 1956. The state of Kerala made history in 1957 when it elected its first communist government which was led by E. M. S. Namboodiripad.		Travancore and Cochin united their territories after India became independent in 1947. Kerala officially became a state in 1956. The state of Kerala made history in 1957 when it elected its first communist government which was led by E. M. S. Namboodiripad.<ref>{{Cite web \|title=Kerala in use from 2nd century BC: Shashi Tharoor's history lesson on name change \|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/kerala-in-use-from-2nd-century-bc-shashi-tharoors-history-lesson-on-name-change-11136960 \|website=NDTV \|access-date=15 April 2026}}</ref>

	==Geography and Administration==		==Geography and Administration==

	The Western Ghats and the Arabian Sea create a territorial boundary which defines the geographical and climatic features of Kerala. The state possesses:		The Western Ghats and the Arabian Sea create a territorial boundary which defines the geographical and climatic features of Kerala. The state possesses:<ref>{{Cite web \|title=Kerala \|url=https://knowindia.india.gov.in/states-uts/kerala.php \|website=Know India (Government of India) \|publisher=Ministry of External Affairs, Government of India \|access-date=15 April 2026}}</ref>

	* 590 km coastline		* 590 km coastline
	* The Western Ghats contain extensive forest areas		* The Western Ghats contain extensive forest areas
	* The state operates extensive backwater waterways		* The state operates extensive backwater waterways<ref>{{Cite web \|title=God’s Own Country navigates big hurdles to revive tourism sector \|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/gods-own-country-navigates-big-hurdles-to-revive-tourism-sector/article70506616.ece \|website=The Hindu \|access-date=15 April 2026}}</ref>

	The mountain's summit reaches Anamudi at an elevation of 2,695 meters.		The mountain's summit reaches Anamudi at an elevation of 2,695 meters.
Line 85:		Line 85:
	==Economy and Infrastructure==		==Economy and Infrastructure==

	The service-based economy of Kerala depends on Non-Resident Indian remittances which originate mainly from Gulf countries.		The service-based economy of Kerala depends on Non-Resident Indian remittances which originate mainly from Gulf countries.<ref>{{Cite journal \|title=Growth of Literacy in Kerala \|journal=Economic and Political Weekly \|year=1999 \|url=https://www.epw.in/journal/1999/39/special-articles/growth-literacy-kerala.html \|access-date=15 April 2026}}</ref>

	'''Key sectors:'''		'''Key sectors:'''