Odisha - Revision history

Kirtisharma 21: /* Climate */

2026-04-16T11:29:03Z

Climate

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:59, 16 April 2026
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	The four seasonal periods in Odisha start with Winter which lasts from January to February and then moves into Summer which lasts from March to May and then changes into Monsoon which lasts from June to September and finally ends with Post-monsoon which lasts from October to December.		The four seasonal periods in Odisha start with Winter which lasts from January to February and then moves into Summer which lasts from March to May and then changes into Monsoon which lasts from June to September and finally ends with Post-monsoon which lasts from October to December.

	The coastal region is frequently affected by cyclones because of its location near the Bay of Bengal.		The coastal region is frequently affected by cyclones because of its location near the Bay of Bengal.<ref>{{Cite web \|title= Orissa story \|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150205133023/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1100823/jsp/orissa/story_12842681.jsp \|website =The Telegraph \|access-date=16 April 2026}}</ref>

	==Challenges==		==Challenges==

Kirtisharma 21: /* Culture and Tourism */

2026-04-16T11:27:24Z

Culture and Tourism

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:57, 16 April 2026
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	* Konark Sun Temple		* Konark Sun Temple
	* Simlipal National Park		* Simlipal National Park
	* Bhitarkanika National Park		* Bhitarkanika National Park<ref>{{Cite web \|title= Google Books \|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=QcMVAQAAIAAJ&redir_esc=y \|website =Google Books \|access-date=16 April 2026}}</ref>

	==Education and Tourism==		==Education and Tourism==

Kirtisharma 21: /* Economy and Infrastructure */

2026-04-16T11:26:28Z

Economy and Infrastructure

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:56, 16 April 2026
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	* Industry: Steel, aluminum, and power sectors		* Industry: Steel, aluminum, and power sectors

	Rourkela and Angul function as primary industrial hubs while Paradip operates as an essential shipping facility.		Rourkela and Angul function as primary industrial hubs while Paradip operates as an essential shipping facility.<ref>{{Cite web \|title= Van Gaal admits disappointed Manchester United fans have right to boo him \|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/sports/van-gaal-admits-disappointed-manchester-united-fans-have-right-to-boo-him/201213/ \|website =The Financial Express \|access-date=16 April 2026}}</ref>

	==Culture and Tourism==		==Culture and Tourism==

Kirtisharma 21 at 11:25, 16 April 2026

2026-04-16T11:25:35Z

Kirtisharma 21 at 11:08, 16 April 2026

2026-04-16T11:08:31Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:38, 16 April 2026
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	\| vehicle_code = OD		\| vehicle_code = OD
	\| website = https://odisha.gov.in/		\| website = https://odisha.gov.in/
	}}'''The eastern [[Indian]] state of Odisha''', known as Orissa until 2011, is currently its official state name. The state ranks as the eighth largest in land area and the eleventh largest in population because it has more than 41 million residents. The state has one of the largest populations of Scheduled Tribes in India which demonstrates its extensive indigenous cultural traditions.		}}'''The eastern [[Indian]] state of Odisha''', known as Orissa until 2011, is currently its official state name. The state ranks as the eighth largest in land area and the eleventh largest in population because it has more than 41 million residents. The state has one of the largest populations of Scheduled Tribes in [[India]] which demonstrates its extensive indigenous cultural traditions.

	The state borders [[Jharkhand]] and West Bengal and Chhattisgarh and Andhra Pradesh while it maintains a Bay of Bengal coastline that extends approximately 480 kilometers. The region historically known as Utkala and referenced in India´s national anthem exists as a historical name for the territory.		The state borders [[Jharkhand]] and West Bengal and Chhattisgarh and Andhra Pradesh while it maintains a Bay of Bengal coastline that extends approximately 480 kilometers. The region historically known as Utkala and referenced in India´s national anthem exists as a historical name for the territory.

Kirtisharma 21: Created page with "{{#seo: |title=Odisha – State of India |description=Odisha is an eastern Indian state known for its ancient Kalinga heritage, temples, tribal culture, biodiversity, and long coastline along the Bay of Bengal. |keywords=Odisha, Orissa, Odisha wiki, Odisha wikibio, Odisha knowlepedia, Bhubaneswar, Jagannath Temple, Konark Sun Temple, Odisha culture, Odisha economy |image=https://knowlepedia.org/images/5/55/Odisha.jpg |og:type=article |og:title=Odisha – State of India |..."

2026-04-16T11:07:59Z

Created page with "{{#seo: |title=Odisha – State of India |description=Odisha is an eastern Indian state known for its ancient Kalinga heritage, temples, tribal culture, biodiversity, and long coastline along the Bay of Bengal. |keywords=Odisha, Orissa, Odisha wiki, Odisha wikibio, Odisha knowlepedia, Bhubaneswar, Jagannath Temple, Konark Sun Temple, Odisha culture, Odisha economy |image=https://knowlepedia.org/images/5/55/Odisha.jpg |og:type=article |og:title=Odisha – State of India |..."

New page

{{#seo:
|title=Odisha – State of India
|description=Odisha is an eastern Indian state known for its ancient Kalinga heritage, temples, tribal culture, biodiversity, and long coastline along the Bay of Bengal.
|keywords=Odisha, Orissa, Odisha wiki, Odisha wikibio, Odisha knowlepedia, Bhubaneswar, Jagannath Temple, Konark Sun Temple, Odisha culture, Odisha economy
|image=https://knowlepedia.org/images/5/55/Odisha.jpg
|og:type=article
|og:title=Odisha – State of India
|og:description=Explore Odisha’s history, geography, economy, culture, and tourism in detail.
|og:image=https://knowlepedia.org/images/5/55/Odisha.jpg
|twitter:card=summary_large_image
}}{{Infobox Indian state or territory
| name = Odisha
| image = Odisha.jpg
| image_caption = Map showing the location of Odisha
| capital = Bhubaneswar
| largest_city = Bhubaneswar
| official_languages = Odia
| area_km2 = 155,707
| population = 41,974,218 (2011)
| established = 1 April 1936 (as Orissa Province)
| timezone = IST (UTC+05:30)
| vehicle_code = OD
| website = https://odisha.gov.in/
}}'''The eastern [[Indian]] state of Odisha''', known as Orissa until 2011, is currently its official state name. The state ranks as the eighth largest in land area and the eleventh largest in population because it has more than 41 million residents. The state has one of the largest populations of Scheduled Tribes in India which demonstrates its extensive indigenous cultural traditions.

The state borders [[Jharkhand]] and West Bengal and Chhattisgarh and Andhra Pradesh while it maintains a Bay of Bengal coastline that extends approximately 480 kilometers. The region historically known as Utkala and referenced in India´s national anthem exists as a historical name for the territory.

Bhubaneswar operates as the capital city while Cuttack served as the historical capital for several centuries.

==Etymology==

The names Odisha and Orissa originate from ancient terms which appeared in early inscriptions and texts as Odda Visaya and Odra Rashtra. Medieval literature, including works by Sarala Das, also refers to the region as Odra Desha.

The name Orissa changed to Odisha in 2011 while the name Oriya changed to Odia to achieve a more accurate representation of native pronunciation.

==History==
===Ancient Period===

The history of Odisha relates to the ancient kingdom of Kalinga which existed as a prosperous and powerful region throughout eastern India.

Emperor Ashoka fought the Kalinga War (261 BCE) which stood as one of the most important historical events. The war caused massive destruction and loss of life, deeply impacting Ashoka and leading him to adopt Buddhism and non-violence.

Archaeological evidence indicates that humans have lived in the territory since the Paleolithic period. Ancient texts like the Mahabharata and Puranas also mention Kalinga. The Udayagiri caves functioned as one of the important Jainism monuments which Kharavela built during his reign.

===Medieval Period===

The medieval period in Odisha saw the emergence of dominant ruling families which included the Somavamsis and Eastern Gangas and Gajapatis.

The Eastern Ganga dynasty established itself as the main cultural force which determined the identity of Odisha through its cultural activities. King Anantavarman Chodaganga built the Jagannath Temple at Puri which developed into one of India's principal pilgrimage destinations.

King Narasimhadeva I constructed the Konark Sun Temple which now stands as a UNESCO World Heritage Site because of its exceptional architectural design.

The region kept most of its independence but the Sultanate of Bengal gradually conquered its territories which later fell under Mughal Empire control. The Marathas ruled the area until British forces took control.

===Modern Period===

The British East India Company took control of Odisha in the early 19th century after defeating the Marathas. The region created two administrative divisions which operated under the Bengal and Madras Presidencies.

The Orissa famine of 1866 was a major tragedy, causing the death of nearly a million people. This led to administrative reforms and irrigation development.

The demand for a separate state based on language led to the formation of Odisha as a separate province on 1 April 1936. This day is celebrated as Utkala Divas.

The princely states that existed before India gained independence in 1947 joined to create Odisha which now defines its current territorial boundaries. The official name of the state changed from Orissa to Odisha in the year 2011.

==Division and Administrative Structure==

Odisha Which extends over 155707 square kilometers showcases multiple geographic features which include:

* Coastal plains along the Bay of Bengal
* Mountain ranges and plateaus in the interior
* River valleys which contain fertile agricultural land

The main waterways of the area consist of the Mahanadi river and Brahmani river and Baitarani river.

Chilika Lake stands as the biggest brackish water lagoon in Asia which serves as a vital area for protecting various species.

The state operates its administrative system through district divisions together with its parliamentary governance structure.

==Government and Politics==

Odisha democratic system operates through three main components which include

* Governor as the constitutional head
* Chief Minister as the executive leader
* Unicameral Legislative Assembly

The country establishes its presence in national political activities through its parliamentary representation.

==Economy and Infrastructure==

Odisha secures its economic foundation through three main sectors which include agriculture and mining and industrial activities.

* Agriculture: Rice is the staple crop
* Minerals: Rich in coal, iron ore, and bauxite
* Industry: Steel, aluminum, and power sectors

Rourkela and Angul function as primary industrial hubs while Paradip operates as an essential shipping facility.

==Culture and Tourism==

Odisha showcases a dynamic cultural heritage which stems from both its traditional practices and its religious customs.

* Odissi stands as the classical dance form
* Rath Yatra of Puri serves as a traditional festival
* Pattachitra paintings and handicrafts represent the artistic heritage

The main tourist destinations of the area include:

* Jagannath Temple
* Konark Sun Temple
* Simlipal National Park
* Bhitarkanika National Park

==Education and Tourism==

Odisha has increasing educational facilities which include universities and research centers that are located throughout Bhubaneswar and Cuttack. The region experiences tourism growth through eco-tourism and heritage tourism and coastal tourism development projects.

==Climate==

Odisha has a tropical climate which includes four distinct seasonal periods.

The four seasonal periods in Odisha start with Winter which lasts from January to February and then moves into Summer which lasts from March to May and then changes into Monsoon which lasts from June to September and finally ends with Post-monsoon which lasts from October to December.

The coastal region is frequently affected by cyclones because of its location near the Bay of Bengal.

==Challenges==

The state faces multiple developmental obstacles which include:

* Natural disasters including cyclones
* The existence of poverty in tribal communities and rural areas
* The problem of deforestation together with various environmental
challenges
* The occurrence of conflicts between humans and wildlife.

==See also==

* [[Nagaland]]
* [[India]]
* [[Mumbai]]
* [[Uttar Pradesh]]
* [[Goa]]

==References==

[[Category:Odisha]]
[[Category:States and union territories of India]]
[[Category:States of India]]
[[Category:Districts of Odisha]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:55, 16 April 2026
Line 22:		Line 22:
	\| vehicle_code = OD		\| vehicle_code = OD
	\| website = https://odisha.gov.in/		\| website = https://odisha.gov.in/
	}}'''The eastern [[Indian]] state of Odisha''', known as Orissa until 2011, is currently its official state name. The state ranks as the eighth largest in land area and the eleventh largest in population because it has more than 41 million residents. The state has one of the largest populations of Scheduled Tribes in [[India]] which demonstrates its extensive indigenous cultural traditions.		}}'''The eastern [[Indian]] state of Odisha''', known as Orissa until 2011, is currently its official state name. The state ranks as the eighth largest in land area and the eleventh largest in population because it has more than 41 million residents. The state has one of the largest populations of Scheduled Tribes in [[India]] which demonstrates its extensive indigenous cultural traditions.<ref>{{Cite web \|title= Utkala Dibasa hails colours, flavours of Odisha \|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/Utkala-Dibasa-hails-colours-flavours-of-Odisha/articleshow/33095967.cms \|website =The Times of India \|access-date=16 April 2026}}</ref>

	The state borders [[Jharkhand]] and West Bengal and Chhattisgarh and Andhra Pradesh while it maintains a Bay of Bengal coastline that extends approximately 480 kilometers. The region historically known as Utkala and referenced in India´s national anthem exists as a historical name for the territory.		The state borders [[Jharkhand]] and West Bengal and Chhattisgarh and Andhra Pradesh while it maintains a Bay of Bengal coastline that extends approximately 480 kilometers. The region historically known as Utkala and referenced in India´s national anthem exists as a historical name for the territory.<ref>{{Cite web \|title= Google Books \|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=PItbvfAvVggC&pg=PA17&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false \|website =Google Books \|access-date=16 April 2026}}</ref>

	Bhubaneswar operates as the capital city while Cuttack served as the historical capital for several centuries.		Bhubaneswar operates as the capital city while Cuttack served as the historical capital for several centuries.
Line 30:		Line 30:
	==Etymology==		==Etymology==

	The names Odisha and Orissa originate from ancient terms which appeared in early inscriptions and texts as Odda Visaya and Odra Rashtra. Medieval literature, including works by Sarala Das, also refers to the region as Odra Desha.		The names Odisha and Orissa originate from ancient terms which appeared in early inscriptions and texts as Odda Visaya and Odra Rashtra. Medieval literature, including works by Sarala Das, also refers to the region as Odra Desha.<ref>{{Cite web \|title= Amid clash, House passes Bills to rename Orissa, its language \|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/Amid-clash-House-passes-Bills-to-rename-Orissa-its-language/article15680588.ece \|website =The Hindu \|access-date=16 April 2026}}</ref>

	The name Orissa changed to Odisha in 2011 while the name Oriya changed to Odia to achieve a more accurate representation of native pronunciation.		The name Orissa changed to Odisha in 2011 while the name Oriya changed to Odia to achieve a more accurate representation of native pronunciation.<ref>{{Cite web \|title= Parliament passes bill to change Orissa's name \|url=https://www.ndtv.com/bhubaneshwar-news/parliament-passes-bill-to-change-orissas-name-451027 \|website =NDTV \|access-date=16 April 2026}}</ref>

	==History==		==History==
Line 39:		Line 39:
	The history of Odisha relates to the ancient kingdom of Kalinga which existed as a prosperous and powerful region throughout eastern India.		The history of Odisha relates to the ancient kingdom of Kalinga which existed as a prosperous and powerful region throughout eastern India.

	Emperor Ashoka fought the Kalinga War (261 BCE) which stood as one of the most important historical events. The war caused massive destruction and loss of life, deeply impacting Ashoka and leading him to adopt Buddhism and non-violence.		Emperor Ashoka fought the Kalinga War (261 BCE) which stood as one of the most important historical events. The war caused massive destruction and loss of life, deeply impacting Ashoka and leading him to adopt Buddhism and non-violence.<ref>{{Cite web \|title= History of Orissa \|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061112195307/http://www.orissa.gov.in/history1.htm \|website =Government of Orissa \|access-date=16 April 2026}}</ref>

	Archaeological evidence indicates that humans have lived in the territory since the Paleolithic period. Ancient texts like the Mahabharata and Puranas also mention Kalinga. The Udayagiri caves functioned as one of the important Jainism monuments which Kharavela built during his reign.		Archaeological evidence indicates that humans have lived in the territory since the Paleolithic period. Ancient texts like the Mahabharata and Puranas also mention Kalinga. The Udayagiri caves functioned as one of the important Jainism monuments which Kharavela built during his reign.<ref>{{Cite web \|title= History \|url=https://odisha.gov.in/en/about-us/history \|website =Government of Odisha \|access-date=16 April 2026}}</ref>

	===Medieval Period===		===Medieval Period===
Line 47:		Line 47:
	The medieval period in Odisha saw the emergence of dominant ruling families which included the Somavamsis and Eastern Gangas and Gajapatis.		The medieval period in Odisha saw the emergence of dominant ruling families which included the Somavamsis and Eastern Gangas and Gajapatis.

	The Eastern Ganga dynasty established itself as the main cultural force which determined the identity of Odisha through its cultural activities. King Anantavarman Chodaganga built the Jagannath Temple at Puri which developed into one of India's principal pilgrimage destinations.		The Eastern Ganga dynasty established itself as the main cultural force which determined the identity of Odisha through its cultural activities. King Anantavarman Chodaganga built the Jagannath Temple at Puri which developed into one of India's principal pilgrimage destinations.<ref>{{Cite web \|title= Odisha - History \|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Odisha/History \|website =Encyclopaedia Britannica \|access-date=16 April 2026}}</ref>

	King Narasimhadeva I constructed the Konark Sun Temple which now stands as a UNESCO World Heritage Site because of its exceptional architectural design.		King Narasimhadeva I constructed the Konark Sun Temple which now stands as a UNESCO World Heritage Site because of its exceptional architectural design.

	The region kept most of its independence but the Sultanate of Bengal gradually conquered its territories which later fell under Mughal Empire control. The Marathas ruled the area until British forces took control.		The region kept most of its independence but the Sultanate of Bengal gradually conquered its territories which later fell under Mughal Empire control. The Marathas ruled the area until British forces took control.<ref>{{Cite web \|title= History, Climate & Cities \|url=https://odishatourism.gov.in/content/tourism/en/history-climate-cities.html \|website =Odisha Tourism \|access-date=16 April 2026}}</ref>

	===Modern Period===		===Modern Period===
Line 61:		Line 61:
	The demand for a separate state based on language led to the formation of Odisha as a separate province on 1 April 1936. This day is celebrated as Utkala Divas.		The demand for a separate state based on language led to the formation of Odisha as a separate province on 1 April 1936. This day is celebrated as Utkala Divas.

	The princely states that existed before India gained independence in 1947 joined to create Odisha which now defines its current territorial boundaries. The official name of the state changed from Orissa to Odisha in the year 2011.		The princely states that existed before India gained independence in 1947 joined to create Odisha which now defines its current territorial boundaries. The official name of the state changed from Orissa to Odisha in the year 2011.<ref>{{Cite web \|title= History of Odisha: An Ancient Legacy \|url=https://mindmapai.app/mind-mapping/history-of-odisha \|website =Mindmap AI \|access-date=16 April 2026}}</ref>

	==Division and Administrative Structure==		==Geographical Division and Administrative Structure==

	Odisha Which extends over 155707 square kilometers showcases multiple geographic features which include:		Odisha Which extends over 155707 square kilometers showcases multiple geographic features which include:
Line 71:		Line 71:
	* River valleys which contain fertile agricultural land		* River valleys which contain fertile agricultural land

	The main waterways of the area consist of the Mahanadi river and Brahmani river and Baitarani river.		The main waterways of the area consist of the Mahanadi river and Brahmani river and Baitarani river.<ref>{{Cite web \|title= Home \|url=https://odisha.gov.in/ \|website =Government of Odisha \|access-date=16 April 2026}}</ref>

	Chilika Lake stands as the biggest brackish water lagoon in Asia which serves as a vital area for protecting various species.		Chilika Lake stands as the biggest brackish water lagoon in Asia which serves as a vital area for protecting various species.

	The state operates its administrative system through district divisions together with its parliamentary governance structure.		The state operates its administrative system through district divisions together with its parliamentary governance structure.<ref>{{Cite web \|title= Study shows Odisha forest cover shrinking \|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhubaneswar/Study-shows-Odisha-forest-cover-shrinking/articleshow/11904659.cms \|website =The Times of India \|access-date=16 April 2026}}</ref>

	==Government and Politics==		==Government and Politics==
Line 85:		Line 85:
	* Unicameral Legislative Assembly		* Unicameral Legislative Assembly

	The country establishes its presence in national political activities through its parliamentary representation.		The country establishes its presence in national political activities through its parliamentary representation.<ref>{{Cite web \|title= BJD's landslide victory in Odisha, wins 20 of 21 Lok Sabha seats \|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140908125021/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/bjds-landslide-victory-in-odisha-wins-20-of-21-lok-sabha-seats/472363-3-234.html \|website =IBN Live \|access-date=16 April 2026}}</ref>

	==Economy and Infrastructure==		==Economy and Infrastructure==