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Uttar Pradesh
Uttar Pradesh (abbreviated as UP) is a state in northern India. With a population exceeding 240 million, it is the most populous state in the country and one of the most populous sub-national entities in the world. It shares borders with nine Indian states and Nepal.
Geography
Uttar Pradesh lies in the Indo-Gangetic Plain, with the Ganga and Yamuna rivers running through it. The Himalayas form the northern boundary of the state. It has fertile soil and a primarily agrarian economy.
History
Uttar Pradesh has been a center of ancient and medieval Indian history:
- Ancient cities like Varanasi, Ayodhya, Mathura, and Prayagraj.
- Birthplace of major religions such as Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism.
- Important during the Mughal Empire and the British Raj.
- Played a vital role in India's freedom struggle including the Revolt of 1857.
Culture
Uttar Pradesh is often referred to as the "Hindi heartland":
- Classical arts: Kathak dance, Awadhi cuisine, Chikankari embroidery.
- Important festivals: Holi, Diwali, Kumbh Mela, Eid, Ram Navami.
- Spiritual cities: Ayodhya (birthplace of Lord Rama), Mathura (Lord Krishna), Varanasi (city of Lord Shiva).
Economy
The economy is primarily based on:
Government and Politics
- Current Chief Minister: Yogi Adityanath
- Governing party: Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)
- Bicameral legislature: Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly and Legislative Council
- Sends the highest number of MPs to the Lok Sabha
Tourism
Uttar Pradesh is home to world-famous landmarks:
- Taj Mahal, Agra Fort (UNESCO World Heritage Sites)
- Fatehpur Sikri
- Kashi Vishwanath Temple, Buddhist Circuit (Sarnath, Kushinagar)
Notable Personalities
- Jawaharlal Nehru – First Prime Minister of India
- Indira Gandhi, Atal Bihari Vajpayee – Former Prime Ministers
- Amitabh Bachchan – Actor
- Ram Manohar Lohia, Mayawati, Mulayam Singh Yadav – Political leaders