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|title=Constituent Assembly of India Biography – Framing India’s Constitution
|description=The Constituent Assembly of India was responsible for drafting the Constitution of India between 1946 and 1950. It consisted of elected representatives from provinces and princely states and laid the foundation of India’s democratic governance.
|keywords=Constituent Assembly of India Biography, Indian Constitution, Indian independence, framers of Constitution, Indian law, democracy in India, India 1946, Indian political history
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|og:title=Constituent Assembly of India – Architects of the Constitution
|og:description=Learn about the Constituent Assembly of India, its members, sessions, and role in framing the Constitution that governs India today.
|og:image=https://knowlepedia.org/images/Constituent_Assembly_of_India.jpg
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}}'''Constituent Assembly of India''' was the body responsible for drafting the [[Constitution of India]]. It was formed in 1946 and functioned as the '''first sovereign law-making body''' of independent India. The Assembly held its first session on '''9 December 1946''' and adopted the Constitution on '''26 November 1949''', which came into effect on '''26 January 1950'''.

== Formation ==
The Constituent Assembly was set up under the framework of the '''Cabinet Mission Plan of 1946'''. Initially composed of '''389 members''', the number was reduced to '''299''' after the partition of India and the creation of [[Pakistan]].

Seats were allocated among the provinces and princely states roughly in proportion to their population. Members were elected by the '''Provincial Legislative Assemblies'''.

== Important Sessions ==
* '''First Session''' – 9 December 1946: Dr. Sachchidananda Sinha was elected as the temporary chairman.
* Later, Dr. Rajendra Prasad was elected as the permanent '''President of the Assembly'''.
* Dr. B. R. Ambedkar was appointed as the '''Chairman of the Drafting Committee''' on 29 August 1947.
* The final draft of the Constitution was adopted on 26 November 1949.

== Committees of the Assembly ==
The Assembly had over '''13 major committees''' and several minor committees. Some of the most important were:
* '''Drafting Committee''' – headed by Dr. B. R. Ambedkar
* '''Union Powers Committee''' – chaired by [[Jawaharlal Nehru]]
* '''Provincial Constitution Committee''' – also chaired by Nehru
* '''Advisory Committee on Fundamental Rights and Minorities''' – headed by [[Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel]]

== Key Members ==
Notable members of the Assembly included:
* [[B. R. Ambedkar|Dr. B. R. Ambedkar]]
* [[Jawaharlal Nehru]]
* [[Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel]]
* Maulana Abul Kalam Azad
* Alladi Krishnaswamy Iyer
* Shyama Prasad Mukherjee
* Rajkumari Amrit Kaur
* Sarojini Naidu

== Adoption of the Constitution ==
The Assembly approved the final draft of the Constitution on '''26 November 1949''', which is now celebrated as '''Constitution Day'''. The Constitution came into force on '''26 January 1950''', marking the beginning of the [[Republic of India]].

== Importance ==
* Established the framework of '''parliamentary democracy''' in India
* Defined the structure of government and enshrined '''Fundamental Rights''' and '''Duties'''
* Abolished untouchability and guaranteed '''equality before law'''
* Created the world's '''longest written constitution'''

== Legacy ==
The Constituent Assembly functioned as the '''Provisional Parliament of India''' from 1950 until the first general elections were held in 1952.

== See Also ==
* [[Constitution of India]]
* [[B. R. Ambedkar|Dr. B. R. Ambedkar]]
* [[Jawaharlal Nehru]]
* [[Republic of India]]
* Fundamental Rights in India
* Directive Principles of State Policy
* Preamble to the Constitution of India

== References ==
<references/>

[[Category:Indian independence movement]]
[[Category:Government of India]]
[[Category:Indian law]]
[[Category:Political history of India]]
[[Category:Members of the Constituent Assembly of India]]
[[Category:Indian Constitution]]