Emergency (India): Difference between revisions

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}}'''[[Emergency (India)]]''' refers to the '''21-month period from 25 June 1975 to 21 March 1977''', during which Prime Minister [[Indira Gandhi]] declared a state of internal emergency across the country under Article 352 of the Indian Constitution.~~<ref>[https://www.britannica.com/event/Emergency-Indian-history-1975-1977 Britannica – Emergency in India]</ref>~~ It is widely considered one of the most controversial periods in Indian democratic history.

}}'''[[Emergency (India)]]''' refers to the '''21-month period from 25 June 1975 to 21 March 1977''', during which Prime Minister [[Indira Gandhi]] declared a state of internal emergency across the country under Article 352 of the Indian Constitution. It is widely considered one of the most controversial periods in Indian democratic history.

== Background ==

The declaration came after the Allahabad High Court found Indira Gandhi guilty of electoral malpractices in the 1971 general elections and invalidated her parliamentary win. Massive protests led by [[Jayaprakash Narayan]] and opposition parties, calling for her resignation, pushed Gandhi to declare Emergency citing "internal disturbances".~~<ref>[https://www.history.com/topics/india/emergency-in-india History.com – Emergency in India]</ref>~~

The declaration came after the Allahabad High Court found Indira Gandhi guilty of electoral malpractices in the 1971 general elections and invalidated her parliamentary win. Massive protests led by [[Jayaprakash Narayan]] and opposition parties, calling for her resignation, pushed Gandhi to declare Emergency citing "internal disturbances".

== Provisions and Impact ==

* '''Fundamental rights''' were suspended.

* '''Press censorship''' was imposed.

* '''Political opponents''' were arrested under preventive detention laws like [[Maintenance of Internal Security Act]] (MISA).

* '''Political opponents''' were arrested under preventive detention laws like Maintenance of Internal Security Act (MISA).

* Over '''100,000 people''' were jailed, including major opposition leaders like [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]], [[L. K. Advani]], and [[Morarji Desai]].

* Over '''100,000 people''' were jailed, including major opposition leaders like [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]], L. K. Advani, and Morarji Desai.

* Forced sterilization drives were carried out under the family planning programme, led by [[Sanjay Gandhi]].~~<ref>[https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/the-emergency-of-1975-8827434/ Indian Express – Emergency of 1975]</ref>~~

* Forced sterilization drives were carried out under the family planning programme, led by Sanjay Gandhi.

== Constitutional Changes ==

* The government passed the '''42nd Constitutional Amendment''', also known as the "Mini-Constitution".

* It curtailed the power of the judiciary and increased the power of the executive.~~<ref>[https://www.constitutionofindia.net/amendments/42nd-amendment/ Constitution of India – 42nd Amendment]</ref>~~

* It curtailed the power of the judiciary and increased the power of the executive.

== End of Emergency ==

The Emergency was lifted in '''March 1977''', and elections were held. The [[Janata Party]], a coalition of anti-Emergency forces, defeated the Congress. [[Morarji Desai]] became the first non-Congress Prime Minister of India.

The Emergency was lifted in '''March 1977''', and elections were held. The Janata Party, a coalition of anti-Emergency forces, defeated the Congress. Morarji Desai became the first non-Congress Prime Minister of India.

== Legacy ==

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== Key Figures ==

* [[Indira Gandhi]] – Prime Minister

* [[Sanjay Gandhi]] – Influential advisor and Youth Congress leader

* Sanjay Gandhi – Influential advisor and Youth Congress leader

* [[Jayaprakash Narayan]] – Leading figure of resistance

* [[Morarji Desai]] – Post-Emergency Prime Minister

* Morarji Desai – Post-Emergency Prime Minister

== See Also ==

* [[Indira Gandhi]]

* [[Janata Party]]

* Janata Party

* [[Jayaprakash Narayan]]

* [[42nd Amendment of the Constitution of India]]

* 42nd Amendment of the Constitution of India

* [[Indian democracy]]

* Indian democracy

== References ==

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[[Category:Articles needing expansion]]

[[Category:Articles needing more references]]

[[Category:Indian politics]]

[[Category:History of India (1947–present)]]

[[Category:Indian emergency periods]]

[[Category:Indira Gandhi]]

@@ Line 9: / Line 9: @@
 |og:image=https://Knowlepedia.org/Indira_Gandhi_in_1977.jpg
 |twitter:card=summary_large_image
-}}'''[[Emergency (India)]]''' refers to the '''21-month period from 25 June 1975 to 21 March 1977''', during which Prime Minister [[Indira Gandhi]] declared a state of internal emergency across the country under Article 352 of the Indian Constitution.<ref>[https://www.britannica.com/event/Emergency-Indian-history-1975-1977 Britannica – Emergency in India]</ref> It is widely considered one of the most controversial periods in Indian democratic history.
+}}'''[[Emergency (India)]]''' refers to the '''21-month period from 25 June 1975 to 21 March 1977''', during which Prime Minister [[Indira Gandhi]] declared a state of internal emergency across the country under Article 352 of the Indian Constitution. It is widely considered one of the most controversial periods in Indian democratic history.
 == Background ==
-The declaration came after the Allahabad High Court found Indira Gandhi guilty of electoral malpractices in the 1971 general elections and invalidated her parliamentary win. Massive protests led by [[Jayaprakash Narayan]] and opposition parties, calling for her resignation, pushed Gandhi to declare Emergency citing "internal disturbances".<ref>[https://www.history.com/topics/india/emergency-in-india History.com – Emergency in India]</ref>
+The declaration came after the Allahabad High Court found Indira Gandhi guilty of electoral malpractices in the 1971 general elections and invalidated her parliamentary win. Massive protests led by [[Jayaprakash Narayan]] and opposition parties, calling for her resignation, pushed Gandhi to declare Emergency citing "internal disturbances".
 == Provisions and Impact ==
 * '''Fundamental rights''' were suspended.
 * '''Press censorship''' was imposed.
-* '''Political opponents''' were arrested under preventive detention laws like [[Maintenance of Internal Security Act]] (MISA).
+* '''Political opponents''' were arrested under preventive detention laws like Maintenance of Internal Security Act (MISA).
-* Over '''100,000 people''' were jailed, including major opposition leaders like [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]], [[L. K. Advani]], and [[Morarji Desai]].
+* Over '''100,000 people''' were jailed, including major opposition leaders like [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]], L. K. Advani, and Morarji Desai.
-* Forced sterilization drives were carried out under the family planning programme, led by [[Sanjay Gandhi]].<ref>[https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/the-emergency-of-1975-8827434/ Indian Express – Emergency of 1975]</ref>
+* Forced sterilization drives were carried out under the family planning programme, led by Sanjay Gandhi.
 == Constitutional Changes ==
 * The government passed the '''42nd Constitutional Amendment''', also known as the "Mini-Constitution".
-* It curtailed the power of the judiciary and increased the power of the executive.<ref>[https://www.constitutionofindia.net/amendments/42nd-amendment/ Constitution of India – 42nd Amendment]</ref>
+* It curtailed the power of the judiciary and increased the power of the executive.
 == End of Emergency ==
-The Emergency was lifted in '''March 1977''', and elections were held. The [[Janata Party]], a coalition of anti-Emergency forces, defeated the Congress. [[Morarji Desai]] became the first non-Congress Prime Minister of India.
+The Emergency was lifted in '''March 1977''', and elections were held. The Janata Party, a coalition of anti-Emergency forces, defeated the Congress. Morarji Desai became the first non-Congress Prime Minister of India.
 == Legacy ==
@@ Line 36: / Line 36: @@
 == Key Figures ==
 * [[Indira Gandhi]] – Prime Minister
-* [[Sanjay Gandhi]] – Influential advisor and Youth Congress leader
+* Sanjay Gandhi – Influential advisor and Youth Congress leader
 * [[Jayaprakash Narayan]] – Leading figure of resistance
-* [[Morarji Desai]] – Post-Emergency Prime Minister
+* Morarji Desai – Post-Emergency Prime Minister
 == See Also ==
 * [[Indira Gandhi]]
-* [[Janata Party]]
+* Janata Party
 * [[Jayaprakash Narayan]]
-* [[42nd Amendment of the Constitution of India]]
+* 42nd Amendment of the Constitution of India
-* [[Indian democracy]]
+* Indian democracy
 == References ==
@@ Line 52: / Line 52: @@
 [[Category:Articles needing expansion]]
 [[Category:Articles needing more references]]
+[[Category:Indian politics]]
+[[Category:History of India (1947–present)]]
+[[Category:Indian emergency periods]]
+[[Category:Indira Gandhi]]