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| image_caption  = Portrait of Tipu Sultan
| image_caption  = Portrait of Tipu Sultan
| birth_date    = {{Birth date and age|1751|11|20}}
| birth_date    = {{Birth date and age|1751|11|20}}
| birth_place    = [[Devanahalli]], [[Kingdom of Mysore]] (present-day [[Karnataka]], India)
| death_date    = {{Death date and age|1799|05|04|1751|11|20}}
| death_date    = {{Death date and age|1799|05|04|1751|11|20}}
| birth_place    = [[Devanahalli]], [[Kingdom of Mysore]] (present-day [[Karnataka]], India)}
| death_place    = [[Srirangapatna]], Mysore
| death_place    = [[Srirangapatna]], Mysore
| resting_place  = Gumbaz, [[Srirangapatna]]
| nationality    = Indian
| nationality    = Indian
| occupation    = Ruler of Mysore, Military Leader
| occupation    = Ruler of Mysore, Military Leader
| years_active  = 1782–1799
| years_active  = 1782–1799
| known_for      = Resistance against British, Military Innovations, Economic Reforms
| known_for      = Resistance against British, Military innovations, Economic reforms
| awards        = Posthumously honored in various Indian states as a freedom fighter; Statues and stamps issued in his name
| notable_works  = ''Fathul Mujahidin'' (Military manual), Rocket artillery, Mysore administration reforms
| spouse        = Ruqayya Banu, Fatima Fakhr-un-Nisa, Khadija Zaman Begum
| spouse        = Ruqayya Banu, Fatima Fakhr-un-Nisa, Khadija Zaman Begum
| children      = 12 (incl. Fateh Hyder, Sultan Padshah)
| children      = 12 (incl. Fateh Hyder, Sultan Padshah)
| resting_place  = Gumbaz at [[Srirangapatna]]
| age_at_death  = 47
| parents        = [[Hyder Ali]] (father), Fakhr-un-Nissa (mother)
| parents        = [[Hyder Ali]] (father), Fakhr-un-Nissa (mother)
| religion      = Islam
| religion      = Islam
| notable_works  = Development of military rocket artillery, Modernized Mysore’s administration, ''Fathul Mujahidin'' (Manual on military training)
| awards        = Posthumously honored as a freedom fighter; statues and postal stamps in various Indian states
| website        = [https://www.karnataka.gov.in Official Karnataka Portal (Tipu Sultan section)]
| website        = [https://www.karnataka.gov.in Official Karnataka Portal – Tipu Sultan]
}}
}}


'''Tipu Sultan''' (20 November 1751 – 4 May 1799), popularly known as the '''Tiger of Mysore''', was the ruler of the [[Kingdom of Mysore]] in South India. A brilliant military strategist, reformer, and staunch opponent of British colonialism, Tipu played a major role in resisting the British East India Company during the late 18th century.<ref>https://www.britannica.com/biography/Tipu-Sultan</ref>
'''Tipu Sultan''' (20 November 1751 – 4 May 1799), popularly known as the '''Tiger of Mysore''', was the ruler of the [[Kingdom of Mysore]] in South India. A brilliant military strategist, reformer, and staunch opponent of British colonialism, Tipu played a major role in resisting the British East India Company during the late 18th century.<ref>https://www.britannica.com/biography/Tipu-Sultan</ref>

Revision as of 05:01, 26 June 2025


Tipu Sultan
File:Tipu Sultan portrait.jpg
Portrait of Tipu Sultan
Born 20 November 1751 (age 273)
Devanahalli, Kingdom of Mysore (present-day Karnataka, India)}
Nationality Indian
Education
Alma mater
Occupation Ruler of Mysore, Military Leader
Years active 1782–1799
Known for Resistance against British, Military innovations, Economic reforms
Notable works Fathul Mujahidin (Military manual), Rocket artillery, Mysore administration reforms
Awards Posthumously honored as a freedom fighter; statues and postal stamps in various Indian states
Spouse(s) Ruqayya Banu, Fatima Fakhr-un-Nisa, Khadija Zaman Begum
Children 12 (incl. Fateh Hyder, Sultan Padshah)
Parents Hyder Ali (father), Fakhr-un-Nissa (mother)
Religion Islam
Website Official Karnataka Portal – Tipu Sultan



Tipu Sultan (20 November 1751 – 4 May 1799), popularly known as the Tiger of Mysore, was the ruler of the Kingdom of Mysore in South India. A brilliant military strategist, reformer, and staunch opponent of British colonialism, Tipu played a major role in resisting the British East India Company during the late 18th century.[1]

Early Life

Tipu Sultan was born in Devanahalli, near modern-day Bengaluru, to Hyder Ali, a powerful military commander who later became Sultan of Mysore. Tipu received early education in military tactics, languages, and science under the guidance of French officers and Indian scholars.[2]

Accession to Power

After the death of Hyder Ali in 1782 during the Second Anglo-Mysore War, Tipu Sultan succeeded him as the Sultan of Mysore. He continued the struggle against the British and introduced many reforms in administration, finance, and military organization.[3]

Reforms and Administration

Tipu Sultan implemented several modern policies:

  • Established state trading depots and factories
  • Introduced a new coinage and calendar
  • Promoted sericulture and agriculture
  • Maintained a strong standing army with rocket artillery

He was one of the first Indian rulers to recognize the importance of industrialization and science.[4]

Military Campaigns

Tipu fought four major wars known as the Anglo-Mysore Wars against the British:

  • First & Second Wars – Fought alongside his father, Hyder Ali
  • Third War (1790–1792) – Lost half his kingdom to the British and their allies
  • Fourth War (1799) – Died fighting in the Battle of Srirangapatna

Tipu forged alliances with the French and the Ottoman Empire in hopes of driving out the British from India.[5]

Death

Tipu Sultan died a heroic death on 4 May 1799 while defending his capital, Srirangapatna, during the Fourth Anglo-Mysore War. He was later buried with honors at the Gumbaz Mausoleum.[6]

Legacy

  • Revered as a patriot and martyr by many Indians
  • Criticized by others for religious intolerance and harsh governance
  • Inspired later freedom fighters like Bal Gangadhar Tilak and Mahatma Gandhi

Tipu Sultan remains a controversial yet heroic figure in Indian history. Statues, schools, and roads across India bear his name.

Notable Contributions

  • Military Rockets: Developed iron-cased rocket artillery later used by the British in the Napoleonic Wars
  • Economic Reforms: Encouraged trade and built state monopolies
  • Science & Tech: Advocated for modern weapons and technology transfers with France

In Popular Culture

  • Featured in several books, documentaries, and television series
  • Subject of plays and historical novels like The Sword of Tipu Sultan
  • Annual celebrations on 20 November (Tipu Jayanti) observed in Karnataka

See Also

References

  1. ↑ https://www.britannica.com/biography/Tipu-Sultan
  2. ↑ https://www.historytoday.com/archive/months-past/tipu-sultan-slain
  3. ↑ https://www.nam.ac.uk/explore/tipu-sultan
  4. ↑ https://archive.india.gov.in/knowindia/profiles/tipu_sultan.php
  5. ↑ https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/india/11284791/Tipu-Sultan-Indias-lion-of-Islam.html
  6. ↑ https://www.thehindu.com/features/kids/tipu-sultan-the-tiger-of-mysore/article7091319.ece
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