Jainism: Difference between revisions

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| image = Jainism.jpeg

| image_caption = Jain symbol: Ahimsa hand and swastika

| founder = [[Mahavira]]

| founder = Mahavira

| founded = ~6th century BCE

| origin = [[Indian subcontinent]]

| origin = Indian subcontinent

| texts = [[Agamas (Jainism)|Agamas]], [[Tattvartha Sutra]]

| texts = Agamas (Jainism)|Agamas, Tattvartha Sutra

| beliefs = [[Ahimsa]], [[Anekantavada]], [[Karma]], [[Moksha]]

| beliefs = Ahimsa, Anekantavada, Karma, Moksha

| practices = Fasting, meditation, vows, temple worship

| goal = [[Moksha]] (liberation from rebirth)

| goal = Moksha (liberation from rebirth)

| followers = ~4–5 million

| sects = [[Digambara]], [[Shvetambara]]

| sects = Digambara, Shvetambara

| symbols = [[Ahimsa in Jainism|Ahimsa hand]], [[Swastika]]

| symbols = Ahimsa in Jainism|Ahimsa hand, Swastika

| motto = ''Parasparopagraho Jīvānām''

| website = ~~https://jainworld.com~~

| website =

}}

}}'''Jainism''' is one of the oldest religions originating in the Indian subcontinent. It emphasizes '''Ahimsa|non-violence''', '''Satya|truth''', '''Asteya|non-stealing''', '''Brahmacharya|celibacy''', and '''Aparigraha|non-possession'''. Practitioners aim for moksha|liberation through self-discipline and asceticism|ascetic living.<ref>https://www.britannica.com/topic/Jainism</ref>

'''[[Jainism]]''' is one of the oldest [[religions]] originating in the [[Indian subcontinent]]. It emphasizes '''[[Ahimsa|non-violence]]''', '''[[Satya|truth]]''', '''[[Asteya|non-stealing]]''', '''[[Brahmacharya|celibacy]]''', and '''[[Aparigraha|non-possession]]'''. Practitioners aim for [[moksha|liberation]] through self-discipline and [[asceticism|ascetic living]].<ref>https://www.britannica.com/topic/Jainism</ref>

== Origins and History ==

Jainism traces its spiritual lineage through 24 '''~~[[Tirthankara]]s~~''', spiritual teachers who achieved liberation. The last and most well-known Tirthankara is '''[[Mahavira]]''' (599–527 BCE), a contemporary of [[Gautama Buddha|the Buddha]], who systematized the faith.~~<ref>https://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/jainism/history/history.shtml</ref>~~

Jainism traces its spiritual lineage through 24 '''Tirthankaras''', spiritual teachers who achieved liberation. The last and most well-known Tirthankara is '''Mahavira''' (599–527 BCE), a contemporary of [[Gautama Buddha|the Buddha]], who systematized the faith.

* Jainism does not believe in a ~~[[God in Jainism|~~creator god]].

* Jainism does not believe in a creator god.

* It believes in eternal ~~[[soul]]s~~ and the ~~[[karma|~~karmic]] cycle of rebirth.

* It believes in eternal souls and the karmic cycle of rebirth.

* The first Tirthankara is '''[[Rishabhanatha]]'''.

* The first Tirthankara is '''Rishabhanatha'''.

== Beliefs and Philosophy ==

Core Jain beliefs include:

* '''[[Ahimsa ~~(Jainism)|Ahimsa]]~~''' – Not harming any living being.

* '''Ahimsa''' – Not harming any living being.

* '''[[Anekantavada]]''' – Truth has many perspectives.

* '''Anekantavada''' – Truth has many perspectives.

* '''~~[[Karma in Jainism|~~Karma and Rebirth]]'''

* '''Karma and Rebirth'''

* '''~~[[Moksha in Jainism|~~Moksha]]''' – Liberation from the cycle of ~~[[samsara|~~birth and death]].

* '''Moksha''' – Liberation from the cycle of birth and death.

== Sects ==

Jainism is divided into two main [[sects]]:

Jainism is divided into two main sects:

* '''[[Digambara]]''' – Ascetics practice extreme renunciation and often wear no clothes.

* '''Digambara''' – Ascetics practice extreme renunciation and often wear no clothes.

* '''[[Shvetambara]]''' – Ascetics wear white clothes and are more community-oriented.~~<ref>https://www.worldhistory.org/Jainism/</ref>~~

* '''Shvetambara''' – Ascetics wear white clothes and are more community-oriented.

== Practices ==

* [[Fasting]], [[meditation]], and [[prayer]].

* Fasting, meditation, and prayer.

* Following the '''[[Five Great Vows (Mahavrata)]]'''.

* Following the '''Five Great Vows (Mahavrata)'''.

* Worship in '''[[Jain ~~temple]]s~~''', often intricately carved and decorated.

* Worship in '''Jain temples''', often intricately carved and decorated.

* Celebrating festivals like '''[[Mahavir Jayanti]]''', '''[[Paryushan]]''', and [[Diwali]] (marking Mahavira’s [[nirvana]]).

* Celebrating festivals like '''Mahavir Jayanti''', '''Paryushan''', and [[Diwali]] (marking Mahavira’s nirvana).

== Temples and Art ==

Famous Jain temples include:

* [[Palitana Temples]], [[Gujarat]]

* Palitana Temples, [[Gujarat]]

* ~~[[Ranakpur Jain temple|~~Ranakpur Temple]], [[Rajasthan]]

* Ranakpur Temple, [[Rajasthan]]

* [[Shravanabelagola]], [[Karnataka]] – Home to the statue of [[Bahubali]]

* Shravanabelagola, [[Karnataka]] – Home to the statue of Bahubali

* [[Dilwara Temples]], [[Mount Abu]]

* Dilwara Temples, Mount Abu

Jain [[art]] is known for its symbolism, detailed iconography, and dedication to non-violent imagery.

== Sacred Texts ==

* '''[[Agamas ~~(Jainism)|Agamas]]~~''' – Canonical texts of Jain teachings (especially for Shvetambaras)

* '''Agamas''' – Canonical texts of Jain teachings (especially for Shvetambaras)

* '''[[Tattvartha Sutra]]''' – A key philosophical text accepted by all Jains~~<ref>https://www.jainlibrary.org/</ref>~~

* '''Tattvartha Sutra''' – A key philosophical text accepted by all Jains

== Influence ==

* Strong impact on [[Indian ethics]], [[vegetarianism]], and [[legal thought]].

* Strong impact on Indian ethics, vegetarianism, and legal thought.

* Prominent Jain communities are found in [[India]], the [[United Kingdom|UK]], [[United States|USA]], [[Canada]], and [[East Africa]].

* Many Jain scholars contributed to [[mathematics]], [[astronomy]], and [[logic]] in ancient India.

* Many Jain scholars contributed to mathematics, astronomy, and logic in ancient India.

== Notable Jains ==

* '''[[Virchand Gandhi]]''' – Represented Jainism at the [[Parliament of the World's Religions (1893)]]

* '''Virchand Gandhi''' – Represented Jainism at the Parliament of the World's Religions (1893)

* '''[[Shrimad Rajchandra]]''' – Spiritual guide to [[Mahatma Gandhi]]

* '''Shrimad Rajchandra''' – Spiritual guide to [[Mahatma Gandhi]]

* '''[[Gautam Adani]]''', '''[[Lalit Doshi]]''' – Prominent Jain business figures

* '''Gautam Adani''', '''Lalit Doshi''' – Prominent Jain business figures

== See Also ==

* [[Mahavira]]

* Mahavira

* [[Tirthankara]]

* Tirthankara

* [[Jain temples]]

* Jain temples

* [[Ahimsa]]

* Ahimsa

* [[Indian religions]]

* Indian religions

* [[Digambara]]

* Digambara

* [[Shvetambara]]

* Shvetambara

* [[Jain philosophy]]

* Jain philosophy

== References ==

@@ Line 6: / Line 6: @@
 | image       = Jainism.jpeg
 | image_caption = Jain symbol: Ahimsa hand and swastika
-| founder     = [[Mahavira]]
+| founder     = Mahavira
 | founded     = ~6th century BCE
-| origin      = [[Indian subcontinent]]
+| origin      = Indian subcontinent
-| texts       = [[Agamas (Jainism)|Agamas]], [[Tattvartha Sutra]]
+| texts       = Agamas (Jainism)|Agamas, Tattvartha Sutra
-| beliefs     = [[Ahimsa]], [[Anekantavada]], [[Karma]], [[Moksha]]
+| beliefs     = Ahimsa, Anekantavada, Karma, Moksha
 | practices   = Fasting, meditation, vows, temple worship
-| goal        = [[Moksha]] (liberation from rebirth)
+| goal        = Moksha (liberation from rebirth)
 | followers   = ~4–5 million
-| sects       = [[Digambara]], [[Shvetambara]]
+| sects       = Digambara, Shvetambara
-| symbols     = [[Ahimsa in Jainism|Ahimsa hand]], [[Swastika]]
+| symbols     = Ahimsa in Jainism|Ahimsa hand, Swastika
 | motto       = ''Parasparopagraho Jīvānām''
-| website     = https://jainworld.com
+| website     =
-}}
+}}'''Jainism''' is one of the oldest religions originating in the Indian subcontinent. It emphasizes '''Ahimsa|non-violence''', '''Satya|truth''', '''Asteya|non-stealing''', '''Brahmacharya|celibacy''', and '''Aparigraha|non-possession'''. Practitioners aim for moksha|liberation through self-discipline and asceticism|ascetic living.<ref>https://www.britannica.com/topic/Jainism</ref>
-'''[[Jainism]]''' is one of the oldest [[religions]] originating in the [[Indian subcontinent]]. It emphasizes '''[[Ahimsa|non-violence]]''', '''[[Satya|truth]]''', '''[[Asteya|non-stealing]]''', '''[[Brahmacharya|celibacy]]''', and '''[[Aparigraha|non-possession]]'''. Practitioners aim for [[moksha|liberation]] through self-discipline and [[asceticism|ascetic living]].<ref>https://www.britannica.com/topic/Jainism</ref>
 == Origins and History ==
-Jainism traces its spiritual lineage through 24 '''[[Tirthankara]]s''', spiritual teachers who achieved liberation. The last and most well-known Tirthankara is '''[[Mahavira]]''' (599–527 BCE), a contemporary of [[Gautama Buddha|the Buddha]], who systematized the faith.<ref>https://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/jainism/history/history.shtml</ref>
+Jainism traces its spiritual lineage through 24 '''Tirthankaras''', spiritual teachers who achieved liberation. The last and most well-known Tirthankara is '''Mahavira''' (599–527 BCE), a contemporary of [[Gautama Buddha|the Buddha]], who systematized the faith.
-* Jainism does not believe in a [[God in Jainism|creator god]].
+* Jainism does not believe in a creator god.
-* It believes in eternal [[soul]]s and the [[karma|karmic]] cycle of rebirth.
+* It believes in eternal souls and the karmic cycle of rebirth.
-* The first Tirthankara is '''[[Rishabhanatha]]'''.
+* The first Tirthankara is '''Rishabhanatha'''.
 == Beliefs and Philosophy ==
 Core Jain beliefs include:
-* '''[[Ahimsa (Jainism)|Ahimsa]]''' – Not harming any living being.
+* '''Ahimsa''' – Not harming any living being.
-* '''[[Anekantavada]]''' – Truth has many perspectives.
+* '''Anekantavada''' – Truth has many perspectives.
-* '''[[Karma in Jainism|Karma and Rebirth]]'''
+* '''Karma and Rebirth'''
-* '''[[Moksha in Jainism|Moksha]]''' – Liberation from the cycle of [[samsara|birth and death]].
+* '''Moksha''' – Liberation from the cycle of birth and death.
 == Sects ==
-Jainism is divided into two main [[sects]]:
+Jainism is divided into two main sects:
-* '''[[Digambara]]''' – Ascetics practice extreme renunciation and often wear no clothes.
+* '''Digambara''' – Ascetics practice extreme renunciation and often wear no clothes.
-* '''[[Shvetambara]]''' – Ascetics wear white clothes and are more community-oriented.<ref>https://www.worldhistory.org/Jainism/</ref>
+* '''Shvetambara''' – Ascetics wear white clothes and are more community-oriented.
 == Practices ==
-* [[Fasting]], [[meditation]], and [[prayer]].
+* Fasting, meditation, and prayer.
-* Following the '''[[Five Great Vows (Mahavrata)]]'''.
+* Following the '''Five Great Vows (Mahavrata)'''.
-* Worship in '''[[Jain temple]]s''', often intricately carved and decorated.
+* Worship in '''Jain temples''', often intricately carved and decorated.
-* Celebrating festivals like '''[[Mahavir Jayanti]]''', '''[[Paryushan]]''', and [[Diwali]] (marking Mahavira’s [[nirvana]]).
+* Celebrating festivals like '''Mahavir Jayanti''', '''Paryushan''', and [[Diwali]] (marking Mahavira’s nirvana).
 == Temples and Art ==
 Famous Jain temples include:
-* [[Palitana Temples]], [[Gujarat]]
+* Palitana Temples, [[Gujarat]]
-* [[Ranakpur Jain temple|Ranakpur Temple]], [[Rajasthan]]
+* Ranakpur Temple, [[Rajasthan]]
-* [[Shravanabelagola]], [[Karnataka]] – Home to the statue of [[Bahubali]]
+* Shravanabelagola, [[Karnataka]] – Home to the statue of Bahubali
-* [[Dilwara Temples]], [[Mount Abu]]
+* Dilwara Temples, Mount Abu
 Jain [[art]] is known for its symbolism, detailed iconography, and dedication to non-violent imagery.
 == Sacred Texts ==
-* '''[[Agamas (Jainism)|Agamas]]''' – Canonical texts of Jain teachings (especially for Shvetambaras)
+* '''Agamas''' – Canonical texts of Jain teachings (especially for Shvetambaras)
-* '''[[Tattvartha Sutra]]''' – A key philosophical text accepted by all Jains<ref>https://www.jainlibrary.org/</ref>
+* '''Tattvartha Sutra''' – A key philosophical text accepted by all Jains
 == Influence ==
-* Strong impact on [[Indian ethics]], [[vegetarianism]], and [[legal thought]].
+* Strong impact on Indian ethics, vegetarianism, and legal thought.
 * Prominent Jain communities are found in [[India]], the [[United Kingdom|UK]], [[United States|USA]], [[Canada]], and [[East Africa]].
-* Many Jain scholars contributed to [[mathematics]], [[astronomy]], and [[logic]] in ancient India.
+* Many Jain scholars contributed to mathematics, astronomy, and logic in ancient India.
 == Notable Jains ==
-* '''[[Virchand Gandhi]]''' – Represented Jainism at the [[Parliament of the World's Religions (1893)]]
+* '''Virchand Gandhi''' – Represented Jainism at the Parliament of the World's Religions (1893)
-* '''[[Shrimad Rajchandra]]''' – Spiritual guide to [[Mahatma Gandhi]]
+* '''Shrimad Rajchandra''' – Spiritual guide to [[Mahatma Gandhi]]
-* '''[[Gautam Adani]]''', '''[[Lalit Doshi]]''' – Prominent Jain business figures
+* '''Gautam Adani''', '''Lalit Doshi''' – Prominent Jain business figures
 == See Also ==
-* [[Mahavira]]
+* Mahavira
-* [[Tirthankara]]
+* Tirthankara
-* [[Jain temples]]
+* Jain temples
-* [[Ahimsa]]
+* Ahimsa
-* [[Indian religions]]
+* Indian religions
-* [[Digambara]]
+* Digambara
-* [[Shvetambara]]
+* Shvetambara
-* [[Jain philosophy]]
+* Jain philosophy
 == References ==