Gujarat
Gujarat is a state in western India, bordered by Rajasthan to the northeast, Maharashtra to the south, and Pakistan to the northwest. It has a 1,600 km coastline along the Arabian Sea, the longest among Indian states. It was formed on 1 May 1960 after bifurcation from the former Bombay State.[1]
History
- Ancient sites like Lothal and Dholavira connect Gujarat to the Indus Valley Civilization.
- It was ruled by empires such as the Mauryas, Guptas, and later the Delhi Sultanate.
- Gujarat played a vital role in the Indian freedom struggle as the birthplace of Mahatma Gandhi.[2]
Major Cities
- Ahmedabad – Largest city and commercial hub
- Gandhinagar – State capital
- Surat – Famous for textile and diamond industries
- Vadodara – Cultural capital
- Rajkot, Bhavnagar, and Jamnagar – Major industrial centers
Economy
- Gujarat is one of India’s most industrialized and business-friendly states.
- Key sectors: petrochemicals, textiles, chemicals, diamonds, automobiles
- Leading ports: Mundra Port and Kandla Port
- Known for the Gujarat model of development
Culture and Festivals
- Folk arts: Garba, Dandiya Raas, Bhavai
- Popular festivals: Navratri, Uttarayan, Diwali, Janmashtami
- Cuisine: Dhokla, Thepla, Khandvi, Fafda
Tourism
- Gir National Park – Only home of the Asiatic lion
- Statue of Unity – World's tallest statue, honoring Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
- Attractions: Somnath Temple, Dwarka, Rann of Kutch, Saputara hill station
Education
- Home to top institutions: IIM Ahmedabad, Nirma University, Gujarat University, Gujarat Technological University