- 1857 – First War of Independence
India’s first major uprising against British rule, led by figures like Mangal Pandey and Rani Lakshmibai.
- 1919 – Jallianwala Bagh Massacre
British troops massacred hundreds in Amritsar, igniting national outrage and intensifying the freedom movement.
Mahatma Gandhi’s salt march protested colonial salt laws, mobilizing millions in civil disobedience.
- 1942 – Quit India Movement
A mass movement demanding an end to British rule, with leaders like Aruna Asaf Ali and Jayaprakash Narayan at the forefront.
- 1947 – India Gains Independence
After nearly 200 years of colonial rule, India achieved freedom. Jawaharlal Nehru delivered his iconic "Tryst with Destiny" speech.
India became a sovereign democratic republic as the Constitution came into effect under the leadership of B. R. Ambedkar.
- 1975 – Emergency Declared
A 21-month emergency period suspended civil liberties, sparking nationwide resistance led by leaders like George Fernandes and Jayaprakash Narayan.
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